Tort: a civil wrong which causes injury as a result of a breach of a legal duty owed to another

Tort Claims Act: a statutory law enacted by the U.S. Congress and many state legislatures that waives all or some part of the government's immunity from tort liability

Trial: a proceeding or hearing of evidence in a court having jurisdiction over the persons, entities, and subject matter for a determination of all issues between the parties based upon the applicable substantive law

Trial de Novo: a new trial